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Showing posts from November, 2017

Where is sodium found?

Most of sodium in our diets comes from salt, or sodium chloride. Sodium has many important biological functions like transmitting nerve impulses, contracting and relaxing muscle fibers and maintaining proper fluid balance. Current recommendation intakes of sodium for healthy adults are ages 19 -50 is 1.5 g or 1,500 mg of sodium; Salt equivalent of 3,800 mg, or 2/3 teaspoons the Upper limit UL of sodium intake is 2.3 g/2,300 mg or 1 tsp. of salt. However Americans are getting as much as 3,400 mg of sodium per day on average, 77% comes from processed foods. The kidneys regulate the body’s sodium level by getting rid of any access however, when is too much excess sodium in the bloodstream our kidneys can not keep up. Unfortunately excess of sodium means less water from the cells and as this fluid increases so does blood volume and more work for the heart due to increased pressured in the blood vessels and often stiffened vessels walls, chronic high blood pressure a...

Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus

1. What are the best methods of assessment for calcium, magnesium and phosphorus? • Phosphorus can be assessed by monitoring serum concentration and urinary excretion; when dietary intake of phosphorus increases the serum level increases as well; also, when urinary excretion increases this can indicate high dietary intake, high PTH and acidosis. We also have to keep in mind that when urinary excretion decreases this means that there is an effect on calcitriol, alkalosis, estrogen, thyroid and growth hormones. • For Magnesium, serum levels are tightly controlled, and due to this, it is not a good marker for the status of magnesium in the body. Therefore, the best way to assess magnesium is through urine excretion before and after magnesium is administered into the body intravenously. When the body is deficient in magnesium, it will hold onto it opposed to excreting it through the urine. When an individual is deficient in magnesium less than 80% of the magnesium is sec...